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There is limited overall evidence. Consistent improvements in stress or anxiety in dogs with probiotic supplementation is poorly demonstrated, though research is in the early stages.

Supplementation with probiotics may provide a mild benefit to dogs with dermatitis, though evidence is minimal and emerging. Evidence was most supportive for their use as an adjuvant therapy rather than as a standalone treatment.

Supplementation with probiotics to the diet of healthy adult dogs did not demonstrate a reduction in the development of gastrointestinal disease. However, specific probiotics have been found to improve certain molecular markers of gut health and the fecal microbiota.